基于叶面积指数(LAI)的小麦变量施氮模型研究

马新明¹，张娟娟²，刘合兵³，席磊³，高项飞⁴

(1.河南农业大学农学院, 郑州450002; 2.南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院, 南京210095; 3.河南农业大学信息与管理科学学院, 郑州450002; 4.郑州轻工业学院, 郑州450002)

摘　要：为探讨基于叶而积指数变化的小麦变量施氮技术，依据养分平衡原理和“作物-土壤-环境-技术”整体原则，采用土壤空间信息数据与小麦需氮量和各生育阶段叶面积指数相结合的方法，设计了小麦播前施氮总量和播后精确追氮的数量模型。根据拔节期和抽穗期小麦的长势，对施氮量的初值进行订正，确定小麦的最适追氮量。在河南郑州市和鹤壁市两地的试验验证结果表明:小麦产量模拟值与实测值间的相关系数分别为0.7799和0.7169，达显著水平。与传统施肥技术相比，在相同产量下，使用模型后每公顷施氮量减少43.5 kg。该研究提出的基于模型的变量施氮技术，可以兼顾天气、地力和作物长势三方面因索，最终实现小麦的精确施氮，对促进精确农业的发展具有重要意义。

关键词：小麦; 模型; 变量施氮; 精确农业

Variable nitrogen fertilization model of wheat based on LAI

MA Xin-ming¹; ZHANG Juan-juan²; LIU He-bing³; XI Lei³; GAO Xiang-fei⁴

(1.Agronomy College of Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002,China; 2.College of Resource and Environment Science; Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095,China; 3.College of Information and Management; Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002,China; 4.University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002,China)

Abstract:  In order to study the variable nitrogen fertilization techniques based on LAI，the model on total amount of N fertilization before sowing and precise N amount after sowing was designed  following the theory of nutrient balance and the principle of "crop-soil-environment-technology", taking spatial variability of soil nutrition, wheat N requirement and LAI in different development phrase into account. According to the growth status of elongation period and heading period of wheat, initial rate of N application was corrected, and optimum additional amount of N fertilizer was ensured. Field experiments of wheat with variable nitrogen fertilization model were respectively carried out at Henan Agricultural University Research Station and Agricultural Research Institute of Hebi from 2004 to 2005. The results showed that the simulated value of yield was significant correlated with that of field survey, and the correlation coefficient was 0.7799 and 0.7169 respectively. Compared with traditional N fertilization system, the variable nitrogen fertilization model can save 43.5 kg N per hm² with the same yield. Variable nitrogen fertilization model based on this model can take weather, soil fertility and the growth status into account, and realize precise nitrogen fertilization in small size field at last, which means a lot to develop precise agriculture.

Key words: wheat; model; variable fertilization; precise agriculture

作者简介:马新明(1962-)，男，博士，教授，主要从事作物模型研究。郑州河南农业大学农学院450002,E-mail: xinmingma@126.com;  Tel: 0371-63558388

农业工程学报, 第24卷(2),2008.2,22-26